Search Results for: Antonovka

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Apple Rootstock Info: Antonovka 313

Characteristic Detail Description
Rootstock Antonovka 313
This is a non-dwarfing rootstock from Russia and produces a free-standing tree that is 100% standard size. Trees are slow coming into bearing and moderately productive, and trees may lean slightly in some situations. Although some nurseries advertise Antonovka 313 to be very cold hardy, it is usually considered moderately cold hardy and may be susceptible to late-winter cold. It is adapted to a wide range of soil conditions, and is reportedly resistant to
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Standard Apple Rootstocks

A standard size tree refers to trees growing on seedling or other non-dwarfing rootstock. If trees on standard rootstocks are not pruned to limit tree size, the trees will reach a height of about 30 feet and have a diameter of about 30 feet. Orchards planted before the 1960s often had only 40 trees per acre and were spaced 40 feet by 40 feet. With good pruning, standard size trees can be planted at about 26 feet x 20 feet …

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Disease-Resistant Apple Cultivars

There are more than 100 modern apple cultivars, and several dozen antique varieties, that have been selected in part for their disease resistance. They offer a broad range of flavors, appearance, taste profiles, storage potential, and harvest dates from mid-summer to early winter. This disease resistance was achieved by hybridization with other apple species with resistance to significant diseases, primarily apple scab (Venturia inaequalis), through natural selection or controlled breeding. Malus floribunda, also known as Japanese flowering crabapple,  …

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Apple Rootstock Info: P.2

Characteristic Detail Description
Rootstock P.2

Resulted from a cross of M.9 x Common Antonovka and released by the Research Institute of Poland in Skierniewice, Poland. This is a productive, cold hardy, dwarfing rootstock slightly more dwarfing than M.9 NAKBT-337. It is susceptible to fire blight, and wooly apple aphid, but fairly resistant to crown and root rots. It produces few root suckers and burr knots similar to M.9. In NC-140 trials trees survive; depaending on location tree size was similar

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Apple Rootstock Info: P.22

Characteristic Detail Description
Rootstock P.22

Resulted from a cross of M.9 x Common Antonovka and released Research Institute of Poland  in Skierniewice, Poland. This is a very dwarfing rootstock, producing trees similar in size to M.27. Trees have good winter hardiness, and produce few burr knots and rootsuckers. It is moderately susceptible to fire blight and very susceptible to woolly apple aphid, and has good resistance to crown and root rots. P.22 is very precocious, has higher yield efficiency than

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Apple Rootstock Info: P.18

Characteristic Detail Description
Rootstock P.18

Resulted from a cross of M.4 x Common Antonovka and released by the Research Institute of Poland  in Skierniewice, Poland. This is a nondwarfing rootstock with vigor similar to seedling. It has not been tested widely in North America, but based on a trial in Illinois P.18 was less precocious and had lower yield efficiency than MM.111. Inoculation tests in California indicate it is moderately resistant to phytophthora. It is susceptible to wooly apple aphid,

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How New Apple Rootstocks Are Developed

Breeding improved apple rootstocks has been a priority research area in New York State since Dr. Jim Cummins and Dr. Herb Aldwinkle initiated crosses in 1970. In 1998, the rootstock program became a joint Cornell/U.S. Department of Agriculture program and in 2011 is headed by Dr. Gennaro Fazio. The program has focused on creating rootstocks that are resistant to the major apple diseases, fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) and crown rot (Phytophthora cactorum), and tolerant to a …

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Apple Rootstock Characteristics and Descriptions

Click on a rootstock to access characteristics and descriptions.

Dwarfing Rootstocks Semi-Dwarfing Rootstocks Standard Size Rootstocks
B.9 B.118 Antonovka 313
G.16 B.490 MM.111 EMLA
B.10 G.202 P.18
G.214 G.11 Seedling
G.41 G.210
G.65 G.30
G.935 G.890
M.27 G.969
M.9 J-TE-H
Mark M.4
Ottawa 3 M.27, M.9 (interstem)/
MM.106 rootstock
P.2 M.27,M.9(interstem)/
MM.111 rootstock
P.22 M.26
Supporter 1 M.7 EMLA
Supporter 4 MM.106 EMLA
V.3 V.1
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Winter Hardiness of Apple Rootstocks

The capacity of apple trees to survive low temperatures is influenced by the scion cultivar and the rootstock. Rootstocks vary in their low temperature tolerance. Some rootstocks cease growth earlier than others, which results in high levels of resistance to early winter freezes. In the fall, with shorter day lengths and cooler temperatures, trees start to acclimate to low temperatures at the outer tips of branches. This process of acclimation (the ability to adapt to colder temperatures) progresses toward the …

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