| Characteristic | Detail | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rootstock | M.4 |
Selected in 1912 from unknown parents at the East Malling Research Station in Maidstone, Kent, England. M.4 is slightly dwarfing and produces a tree about 75-80% standard size. It is considered fairly precocious, and trees tend to lean and may require trunk support. M.4 is resistant to collar rot. In an Indian rootstock trial trees on M.4, MM.106, and MM.111 were all about the same size. Cumulative yield was greater than trees on MM.111, similar to trees on MM.106, but less than trees on M.7. M.4 was included in the 1984 NC-140 rootstock trial replicated at 31 locations in North America. After 10 years, trees on M.4 survived well. Since trees were larger than trees on M.7 EMLA, M.4 probably produces at tree similar in size to MM.111 (about 90% standard size).Compared to M.7 EMLA, trees on M.4 had high cumulative yield, but lower yield efficiency. |
| Synonyms | Malling 4, Malling IV, Dutch Doucin, Holstein Doucin | |
| Origin | Unknown | |
| Availability | N/A | |
| Tree Size | 75-80% | |
| Precocity | Early | |
| Winter Hardiness | Moderate | |
| Suckering | Moderate | |
| Tree Support Needed | Yes | |
| Where tested within NC-140 or other research plantings | AR, BC, CA, CO, IA, IL, IN, MA, MI, MN, NC, NY, OH, OR, PA, UT, VA, WA, WI |