| Characteristic | Detail | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rootstock | G.202 |
G.202 is a semi-dwarfing rootstock that produces a tree slightly larger than M.26. It is a cross of Malling 27 and Robusta 5. It is fire blight and phytophthora resistant, but also has good resistance to woolly apple aphid, which is important in many warmer climates where woolly apple aphid is a rootstock pest. G.202 performs very moderately well in the stoolbed and produces good quality nursery trees. G.202 has been tested mostly in New |
Apple Rootstock info: B.10
| Characteristic | Detail | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rootstock | B.10 |
Formerly Bud. 62-396. It is a release from the Michurinsk University of Agriculture (Russia) breeding program, which is trying to select for improved winter hardiness. A 10-year trial in Pennsylvania with Golden Delicious as the scion cultivar showed that trees on this rootstock were similar in size to trees on G.935 and M.9 T337 (15 percent smaller). Main scaffold branch angle was close to 90 degrees. Production efficiency and total yield were slightly better than |
Semi-dwarf Apple Rootstocks
Semi-dwarf rootstocks typically produce trees that are about 60% to 90% of standard size, with a height of about 14 feet to 22 feet, depending on the rootstock.
… Apple Rootstock Info: B.491
| Characteristic | Detail | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rootstock | B.491 |
A very dwarfing rootstock from the Michurinsk College of Agriculture, former Soviet Union. Bud. 491 is reported to be very winter hardy with brittle wood and requires tree support. It is too dwarfing for most commercial situations, the wood is pink, it produces few burrknots and root suckers, but it is very susceptible to fire blight and Phytophthora. Bud. 491 was evaluated in the NC-140 1994 rootstock trial at 18 locations with the scion cultivar |
Plum Curculio
The plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst), is an important early season pest of pome and stone fruits. They can cause considerable damage to apple, pear, apricot, peach, plum, nectarine, cherry, and other fruits. After codling moth, plum curculio is often regarded as the most serious pest of tree fruits in eastern North America.
Biology and Life History
Plum curculio adults are a type of weevil (or snout beetle), approximately 6 mm (¼”) in length with a mottled combination of brown, …
Codling Moth
Codling moth, Cydia pomonella, is one of the most serious insect pests of apple in the United States.
Biology and Life History
Adult moths are approximately 10 mm (⅜”) in length, with a wing span of 18 mm (¾”). Wings are mottled gray with a distinctive copper-colored band at the tip of each forewing (Figure 1).
Female moths lay flat, oval eggs singly on developing fruit or adjacent leaves. Newly hatched larvae enter fruit, usually through the …
An Introduction to Hard Cider in the U.S.
By the simplest definition, hard cider is fermented apple juice. In the U.S., unfermented and usually unfiltered apple juice is referred to as cider or sweet cider. In many other countries, particularly in Europe, the fermented product is called cider and the unfermented product is called apple juice. In this article, we use the term cider to refer to the fermented product.
According to Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau data, production of hard cider in the U.S. has, …
Choosing the Right Cultivar to Plant
Several variables should be considered when selecting apple cultivars to plant. Important factors include cold hardiness (some cultivars will not survive extreme winter low temperatures), heat tolerance, disease resistance, time of harvest, intended uses and time of bloom. Apples require cross-pollination between two cultivars that must bloom at the same time.
Commercial orchardists must consider cultivars for an intended market. For example, processors will pay a premium price for ‘Northern Spy’ for pie filling, but there is little demand for …
Alan Biggs, West Virginia University
Alan Biggs is a Professor of Plant Pathology and Extension Specialist in Tree Fruit Pathology at the Kearneysville Tree Fruit Research and Education Center in Kearneysville, WV. He has extensive knowledge of major tree fruit diseases and has developed several online resources to assist growers in the West Virginia region. In addition to conducting numerous research projects on apple disease, he also teaches tree fruit pathology to master gardeners and mushroom identification to master naturalists.
Contact Information
WVU-KTFREC
P.O. Box …
Jon Clements
Jon Clements is an Extension educator with 25 years experience in tree fruit production. Located at the UMass Cold Spring Orchard in Belchertown, Massachusetts, Jon is a part of the UMASS Fruit Advisor, whose mission is to assist fruit growers with all aspects of horticulture and integrated pest management.
Contact Information
UMass Cold Spring Orchard
393 Sabin St.
Belchertown, Massachusetts 01007
Email: clements@umext.umass.edu
Blog: http://jmcextman.blogspot.com/…