| Characteristic | Detail | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rootstock | Mark |
An open-pollinated seedling of M.9 and introduced by Michigan state University, USA in 1979. It is a virus-free clone of MAC-9. Mark is a hardy, precocious dwarfing rootstock. It is susceptible to fire blight and fairly resistant to crown and root rots, produces many burr knots and few root suckers. Mark requires tree support. Trees are very precocious and tree vigor may decline earlier than desired when young trees are allowed to produce heavy crops |
Apple Rootstock Info: MM.111 EMLA
| Characteristic | Detail | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rootstock | MM.111 EMLA |
Introduced in 1952 from a cross of Merton 793 x ‘Northern Spy’ by the John Innes Horticultural Institute and the East Malling Research Station in England. MM.111 EMLA is one of the more vigorous semi-dwarf rootstocks, producing a tree about 85 to 100% the size of seedling. It is resistant to wooly apple aphid and is quite tolerant to fire blight and crown and root rots. It is fairly winter hardy and produces moderate |
Apple Rootstock Info: MM.106 EMLA
| Characteristic | Detail | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rootstock | MM.106 EMLA |
Selected in 1932 from a cross of M.2 x ‘Northern Spy’ by the John Innes Horticultural Institute and the East Malling Research Station in England. MM.106 EMLA is a semi-dwarf rootstock, producing a tree about 60% the size of seedling. It is quite precocious and productive and usually does not need tree support. It is resistant to wooly apple aphid, but is highly susceptible to crown and root rots, susceptible to fire blight, and |
Apple Rootstock Info: M.27 EMLA
| Characteristic | Detail | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rootstock | M.27 EMLA |
Selected in 1934 from a cross of M.13 x M.9 at East Malling Research station in Maidstone, Kent, England and was tested as Malling 3431. M.27 EMLA is a very dwarfing rootstock and is probably too dwarfing for most commercial situations except for vigorous cultivars on vigorous sites, but it might be considered for home gardens where a small tree is desirable.. Trees on M.27 EMLA are very precocious and productive and require permanent |
Apple Tree Viruses
Virus and Other Graft-Transmissible Diseases and Disorders of Apples
Virus diseases cause economic losses through lower yields and reduced quality of apples and apple products. In general, virus diseases in perennial crop plants, such as apples, are more potentially damaging than in annual crops. Viruses can remain latent, spreading through an orchard and inflicting damage, often without the growers’ knowledge. Latent virus infection can produce small to moderate losses in fruit production. Often growers can maintain the productivity of diseased …
Apple Rootstock Info: M.7 EMLA
| Characteristic | Detail | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rootstock | M.7 EMLA |
Formerly known as EM VII. Selected in 1912 from unknown parentage at the East Malling Research station in Maidstone, Kent, England. Trees on M.7 EMLA produce a semi-dwarf tree about 60 to 70% as big as seedling. Trees are moderately precocious and may lean with some cultivars and may require trunk support. Trees tend to produce many rootsuckers. M.7 EMLA has been widely planted since the 1960s with cultivars such as ‘McIntosh’, ‘Empire’, ‘Cortland’, |
Apple Rootstock Info: B.9
| Characteristic | Detail | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rootstock | B.9 |
Resulted from a cross of M.8 x ‘Red Standard’ (Krasnij Standard) from Russia. B.9 has been tested widely and is used commercially in the U.S. In general, B.9 is slightly more dwarfing than M.9 and has slightly higher yield efficiency than M.9. B.9 was selected as a dwarfing cold hardy rootstock and initial inoculation results indicated that it was as susceptible to fire blight as M.9. However, in field trials, trees grafted onto B.9 survived |
Apple Rootstock Info: M.4
| Characteristic | Detail | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rootstock | M.4 |
Selected in 1912 from unknown parents at the East Malling Research Station in Maidstone, Kent, England. M.4 is slightly dwarfing and produces a tree about 75-80% standard size. It is considered fairly precocious, and trees tend to lean and may require trunk support. M.4 is resistant to collar rot. In an Indian rootstock trial trees on M.4, MM.106, and MM.111 were all about the same size. Cumulative yield was greater than trees on MM.111, similar |
Apple Rootstock Info: J-TE-H
| Characteristic | Detail | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rootstock | J-TE-H |
Released from Techobuzic, Czech Republic. The early descriptions from Czech researchers suggested that J-TE-H produces a tree about the size of trees on M.26 EMLA. In rootstock trials in the Czech Republic and Spain J-TE-H produced trees about 35 to 40% of standard size, trees produced a moderate number of root suckers, and yield efficiency was less than the other dwarfing rootstocks in the trial (Pajam 1, Pajam 2, M.9, and J-TE-E). J-TE-H was included |
Apple Rootstock Info: V.3
| Characteristic | Detail | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rootstock | V.3 |
The Vineland series of apple rootstocks originated as open-pollinated hybrids of ‘Kerr’ crabapples and M.9 rootstock and were selected at the Horticultural Experiment Station at Vineland, Ontario, Canada in 1958. According to information from the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, V.3 is slightly smaller than M.9 EMLA and yield and yield efficiency is similar to M.9 EMLA. V.3 is cold hardy and somewhat resistant to fireblight. V.3 was included in the 1994 |