| Characteristic | Detail | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rootstock | M.27, M.9 interstem with MM.106 rootstock |
Because many dwarfing rootstocks have less than the desired level of cold resistance and trees on all dwarfing rootstocks require support, dwarf rootstocks are sometimes used as interstems to combine the desirable characteristics of a vigorous understock and the dwarfing interstem. Interstem trees consist of three parts: a dwarfing rootstock (usually M.9 or M.27) is used as the interstem and is grafted onto a vigorous rootstock (usually MM.111 or MM.106) |
Apple Rootstock Info: B.118
| Characteristic | Detail | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rootstock | B.118 |
Formerly Bud. 54-118. A semi-dwarfing rootstock from the Michurinsk College of Agriculture, former Soviet Union. Resulted from a’ Moscow Pear’ x M.9 or M.8 cross. Bud. 118 is reported to be a very cold hardy semi-dwarf rootstock and produces a tree about 85% of seedling. It is more precocious than seedling and can be grown without support. It is moderately resistant to fire blight, crown rot. There is very limited experience with Bud.118 in North |
Apple Rootstock Info: M.9
| Characteristic | Detail | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rootstock | M.9 |
The pedigree is unknown and it was selected in England from a group of French genotypes known collectively as “Juane de Metz” in the late 1800s. M.9 is the most widely planted dwarf apple rootstock in the world and at least 30% of the trees in the U.S. are on M.9. M.9 EMLA is free of known viruses and is slightly more vigorous than the original M.9. Over the years European nurseries have selected clones |
Apple Rootstocks: Understanding and Choosing the Right Rootstock
- Apple Rootstock Characteristics and Descriptions
- Publications from the NC-140 Regional Rootstock Research Project
- Understanding Apple Tree Size: Dwarf, Semi-Dwarf and Standard
- Controlling Apple Tree Size by Horticultural Means
- Apple Rootstock Influence on Precocity
- Apple Tree Productivity
- Winter Hardiness of Apple Rootstocks
- Apple Rootstock Testing and NC-140
- Support for Apple Trees on Dwarfing Rootstocks
- Apple Rootstocks and Suckering
- Apple Rootstocks and Virus Status
- Interstem Apple Trees
- Parts of an Apple Tree
- Table of Apple Rootstock Susceptibility to Phytophthora spp.
Apple Rootstock Info: Mark
| Characteristic | Detail | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rootstock | Mark |
An open-pollinated seedling of M.9 and introduced by Michigan state University, USA in 1979. It is a virus-free clone of MAC-9. Mark is a hardy, precocious dwarfing rootstock. It is susceptible to fire blight and fairly resistant to crown and root rots, produces many burr knots and few root suckers. Mark requires tree support. Trees are very precocious and tree vigor may decline earlier than desired when young trees are allowed to produce heavy crops |
Apple Rootstock Info: MM.111 EMLA
| Characteristic | Detail | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rootstock | MM.111 EMLA |
Introduced in 1952 from a cross of Merton 793 x ‘Northern Spy’ by the John Innes Horticultural Institute and the East Malling Research Station in England. MM.111 EMLA is one of the more vigorous semi-dwarf rootstocks, producing a tree about 85 to 100% the size of seedling. It is resistant to wooly apple aphid and is quite tolerant to fire blight and crown and root rots. It is fairly winter hardy and produces moderate |
Apple Rootstock Info: MM.106 EMLA
| Characteristic | Detail | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rootstock | MM.106 EMLA |
Selected in 1932 from a cross of M.2 x ‘Northern Spy’ by the John Innes Horticultural Institute and the East Malling Research Station in England. MM.106 EMLA is a semi-dwarf rootstock, producing a tree about 60% the size of seedling. It is quite precocious and productive and usually does not need tree support. It is resistant to wooly apple aphid, but is highly susceptible to crown and root rots, susceptible to fire blight, and |
Apple Rootstock Info: M.27 EMLA
| Characteristic | Detail | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rootstock | M.27 EMLA |
Selected in 1934 from a cross of M.13 x M.9 at East Malling Research station in Maidstone, Kent, England and was tested as Malling 3431. M.27 EMLA is a very dwarfing rootstock and is probably too dwarfing for most commercial situations except for vigorous cultivars on vigorous sites, but it might be considered for home gardens where a small tree is desirable.. Trees on M.27 EMLA are very precocious and productive and require permanent |
Apple Rootstock Info: M.7 EMLA
| Characteristic | Detail | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rootstock | M.7 EMLA |
Formerly known as EM VII. Selected in 1912 from unknown parentage at the East Malling Research station in Maidstone, Kent, England. Trees on M.7 EMLA produce a semi-dwarf tree about 60 to 70% as big as seedling. Trees are moderately precocious and may lean with some cultivars and may require trunk support. Trees tend to produce many rootsuckers. M.7 EMLA has been widely planted since the 1960s with cultivars such as ‘McIntosh’, ‘Empire’, ‘Cortland’, |
Apple Rootstock Info: B.9
| Characteristic | Detail | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rootstock | B.9 |
Resulted from a cross of M.8 x ‘Red Standard’ (Krasnij Standard) from Russia. B.9 has been tested widely and is used commercially in the U.S. In general, B.9 is slightly more dwarfing than M.9 and has slightly higher yield efficiency than M.9. B.9 was selected as a dwarfing cold hardy rootstock and initial inoculation results indicated that it was as susceptible to fire blight as M.9. However, in field trials, trees grafted onto B.9 survived |