| Characteristic | Detail | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rootstock | M.27,M.9 interstem MM.111 rootstock |
Because many dwarfing rootstocks have less than the desired level of cold resistance and trees on all dwarfing rootstocks require support, dwarf rootstocks are sometimes used as interstems to combine the desirable characteristics of a vigorous understock and the dwarfing interstem. Interstem trees consist of three parts: a dwarfing rootstock (usually M.9 or M.27) is used as the interstem and is grafted onto a vigorous rootstock (usually MM.111 or MM.106) and the |
Apple Rootstock Info: M.26
| Characteristic | Detail | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rootstock | M.26 |
Resulted from a cross between M.16 and M.9 in 1929, at the East Malling Research Station, Maidstone, Kent, England. Traditionally considered a dwarf rootstock, but is one of the more vigorous dwarfing rootstocks. M.26 is grown widely throughout the world and is included as a “standard” in many rootstock trials. M.26 is precocious and very productive, produces many burrknots, and is susceptible to crown rot and fire blight. In a joint effort to produce virus |
Apple Rootstock Info: B.490
| Characteristic | Detail | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rootstock | B.490 |
Originated from a cross of Red-Leaved Paradise (B.9) x Bud. 13-14 at the Michurinsk College of Agriculture, former Soviet Union. Bud. 490 is a semi-vigorous rootstock (similar in size and productivity to MM.106) that roots easily from hardwood cuttings or in the stoolbed. The inner bark is red. Trees on Bud. 490 are moderately precocious and produce some burrknots and few root suckers. Bud. 490 is moderately resistant to collar rot and fire blight and |
M.27, M.9 interstem with MM.106 rootstock
| Characteristic | Detail | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rootstock | M.27, M.9 interstem with MM.106 rootstock |
Because many dwarfing rootstocks have less than the desired level of cold resistance and trees on all dwarfing rootstocks require support, dwarf rootstocks are sometimes used as interstems to combine the desirable characteristics of a vigorous understock and the dwarfing interstem. Interstem trees consist of three parts: a dwarfing rootstock (usually M.9 or M.27) is used as the interstem and is grafted onto a vigorous rootstock (usually MM.111 or MM.106) |
Apple Rootstock Info: B.118
| Characteristic | Detail | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Rootstock | B.118 |
Formerly Bud. 54-118. A semi-dwarfing rootstock from the Michurinsk College of Agriculture, former Soviet Union. Resulted from a’ Moscow Pear’ x M.9 or M.8 cross. Bud. 118 is reported to be a very cold hardy semi-dwarf rootstock and produces a tree about 85% of seedling. It is more precocious than seedling and can be grown without support. It is moderately resistant to fire blight, crown rot. There is very limited experience with Bud.118 in North |
Pre-harvest Drop
Apples sometimes drop to the ground before they reach the desired harvest maturity. This pre-harvest fruit drop can cause significant losses in apple orchards. As apples mature, an abscission layer of specialized cells naturally forms between the apple stem and the fruit spur to which it is attached. The abscission layer allows the apple to be released from the tree without causing damage to the tree. However, apples may fall off the tree before the ideal harvest maturity has been …
Disease-Resistant Apple Cultivars
There are more than 100 modern apple cultivars, and several dozen antique varieties, that have been selected in part for their disease resistance. They offer a broad range of flavors, appearance, taste profiles, storage potential, and harvest dates from mid-summer to early winter. This disease resistance was achieved by hybridization with other apple species with resistance to significant diseases, primarily apple scab (Venturia inaequalis), through natural selection or controlled breeding. Malus floribunda, also known as Japanese flowering crabapple, …
Apple Fruit Shapes
Fruit shape is one of several characteristics used to identify apple cultivars. When apples are mature, the fruit is cut longitudinally in half through the core to categorize the shape. Common fruit shapes include round, conic, oblate, oblique, oblong, and ovate as shown below (Figure 1). Fruit shape may differ by growing location depending on environmental conditions. For example, ‘Red Delicious’ ripened in locations with cool evening temperatures are more elongated than those ripened in climatic zones with evening temperatures …
Parentage of Apple Cultivars
Nearly all apple cultivars have two parents – just like humans! Apples have a genetic system that generally prohibits self-fertilization. This self-incompatibility system is a way of insuring that each apple seed will be a hybrid between the maternal (seed) parent and a paternal (pollen) parent. The self-incompatibilty system is also the reason why two or more cultivars must be planted in an orchard to achieve fruit production through insect-vectored movement of pollen from one cultivar to the other.